Mina Mar Group

  Mina Mar Group helps micro-cap companies structure their growth. Micro-capitalized companies are those with less than $50,000,000 in equity, sometimes under $1,000,000. Restructuring involves raising money (both debt and stock), and planning how they will eventually harvest that wealth. If you’re a founder or investor, the secret to harvesting your equity is to possess assets with a developed market for their sale; up until recently, that market was the public market. Now, Over-The-Counter Securities (“OTC Securities”) don’t serve that purpose since, unless you’re a tech unicorn doing an IPO, there are essentially no ways to sell the shares you’ve invested in. OTC securities – how they were deposited five years ago. Brokerages all around the country have tightened compliance over the past five years to the point where no one may deposit share certificates into their brokerage accounts, even if they can prove that they paid for them. Consider the following demand from a secondary ...

An acquisition strategy known as an “all-cash, all-stock offer” requires the buyer to commit to purchasing all of the target company’s outstanding shares for a certain amount in cash. It is also characterized as buying all of a company’s outstanding shares from its shareholders in exchange for payment. All-cash, all-stock offers are typically taken into consideration as a strategy to complete an acquisition. This could be an excellent technique the acquiring corporation might use to make the transaction appear sweet and persuade shareholders who are on the fence to accept the sale by offering a premium above the cost at which the shares are now trading. So if it’s that case, if indeed the company was purchased at a premium, then shareholders of the target company could experience an increase in the value of their shares. Even when we talk about cash deals, a stock value for the target firm is discussed, and that value may be considerably higher than its current market price. Therefore,...

The term known as a gypsy swap is a method of raising capital that involves persuading existing shareholders to exchange their free-trading, common stock for a restricted one. Gypsy Swap is a transaction that has been in practice by stock promoters for many years. The SEC's view is that Gypsy Swaps are a means to evade the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and violate Section 5 of the Securities Act. The SEC has established specific rules in the Securities Act under Section 5 that require any new stock transaction must be listed with the SEC. The SEC has said unequivocally that Gypsy Swaps are infractions of Section 5 of the Securities Act of 1933, exposing all participants to monetary and other civil penalties, including disgorgement. It's important for issuers and investors to remember that a Gypsy Swap is only one way to avoid the registration requirements of Section 5 of the Securities Act. Any transaction in which t...

There are many prejudices about Penny Stocks and why should anyone have them in their portfolio. As defined by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, penny stock is any publicly traded firm’s share that trades below $5 per share.   These types of stocks are inexpensive, allowing you to invest without committing large sums of money, which is advantageous for those on a limited budget.   That also implies if the business in that you have just invested fails, you won't suffer a significant loss per share.  Finally, all this indicates that the very same amount of money can purchase more penny stock shares than it can purchase more expensive securities shares. Tremendous gains can be made with a tiny initial investment. As a result, they have the potential to become extremely successful.  Despite their significant volatility, penny stocks provide excellent returns. These stocks have the ability to provide explosive growth of 100% or over in a single day, a...

Equity Shares  They are categorized under long-term sources of finance because legally they are irredeemable in nature. For an investor, these shares are a certificate of ownership in the company by virtue of which investors are entitled to share the net profits and have a residual claim over the assets of the company in the event of liquidation. Various Prices of Equity Shares: - Par or Face Value - Issue Price - Share Premium and Share at Discount - Book Value - Market Value Types of Equity Shares: - Authorized Share Capital - Issued Share Capital - Subscribed Share Capital - Paid-up Capital - Rights Share - Bonus Share - Sweat Equity Share  Equity Share Investment Advantages: - Dividend - Capital Gain - Limited Liability - Exercise Control - Right Shares - Bonus Shares - Liquidity - Stock Split Disadvantages: - Dividend is not fixed/controllable - High Risk - Fluctuation in market price - Limited control - Residual Claim  Equity Financing refers to raising capital by g...

The Securities and Exchange Act of 1933 one of the laws that govern the securities industry. It was the first major legislation regarding the sale of securities, that shifted power from states to the federal government. It is known as the "truth in securities" law which President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed as a part of the New Deal.The Act was created to protect investors after the stock market crash of 1929, biggest bear market in Wall Street 's history. The Securities Act of 1933 had two main objectives: requirement that investors receive financial and other significant information regarding securities that are being offered for public sale. prohibition of deceit, misrepresentation and other fraud in the sale of securities Securities and Exchange Commission that was created year later, in 1934 governs the Securities Act of 1933. In order to accomplish set objectives SEC requires companies to register their securities and disclose essential information...

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is independent U.S federal agency that regulates the stock market. It was created in 1934 by Congress to help restore investor confidence after the 1929 stock market crash. The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 was created by Securities and Exchange Commission. It govern securities transaction on the secondary market relying on Securities Act of 1933 which increased transparency in financial  statements and  established  laws against fraudulent activities. In essence SEC provides transparency by ensuring accurate and consistent information about companies that allows investors to make informed and sound decisions. Without transparency stock market would be vulnerable to market speculation and creation of asset bubbles.  Securities and Exchange Commission has five  commissioners and five different divisions: Division of corporate finance - review corporate filing requirements ensuring that investors have c...

Market indexes prove summary of overall market by tracking some of the top stocks on the stock market in the United States and they show in which direction the market is going. Indexes don't represent every company but selected portion of the market. Some indexes track small and mid cap companies, some large companies or companies within certain sector. Three major market indexes are Dow Jones Industrial Average, S&P 500 and Nasdaq. They differ in number of companies they track and calculations they use. Dow Jones Industrial Average It is the oldest market index of the three and some the most popular in the media.Journalist Charles Dow, founder of Wall Street Journal created the index that tracked the movement of the whole market, together with statistician Edward Jones on May 26, 1986. The original Dow Jones index had two industrial companies and ten railroads. He realized that two industrial companies are becoming more important and created a new Dow Jo...

Restricted stock or restricted securities is unregistered stock that is not fully transferable until certain conditions are met and they must be traded in compliance with SEC regulations. After the conditions are met stock is no longer restricted and it becomes transferable.  Restricted stocks are often given to employees as a compensation that typically become transferable after certain conditions are met like continued employment for a period of time before vesting or achievement in particular product-development milestones, earning per share goals or other financial targets. Restricted stock is also given to corporate insiders like directors and executives, often after merger and acquisition, underwriting and affiliate ownership  to prevent early selling of stock that could negatively affect the company. Corporate affiliates can also lose the right on stock if they leave the company, fail to meet certain performance goals or break SEC trading restriction rules. Con...

NASDAQ or the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations is an American stock exchange, second largest stock exchange in the world after New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in terms of market capitalization. It was founded in 1971 as the world's first electronic stock market. In 2006 Nasdaq changed its status from a stock market to a licensed security exchange. With approximately 3,900 listings Nasdaq has market capitalization of around $10 trillion from various industry sectors like technology,  telecommunication, healthcare and financials. Nasdaq's normal trading sessions are between 9:30 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time and offers quotes at three levels. The Nasdaq stock market has three distinctive tiers: The Nasdaq Global Select which consist of U.S. based and international stocks that represent the Global Select Market Composite. It has the most stringent financial and liquidity requirements. The Nasdaq Global market includes stock that...

Investing strategy can be understood as set of rules that guide investor in his decisions regarding investment portfolio. Investors use strategies to balance risks and rewards in accordance with his risk tolerance investing goal and investment horizon. Taking time to understand which strategy suits you the best can also help you avoid unwanted expenses. You can look at it as existence of two extremes where on one side are investment strategies that seek rapid growth which includes greater amount or risk and on the other side is low risk strategy with regular dividends payment that is more concentrated on wealth protection. In other words there is always some kind of  trade off between risk and return on investment and most investors are not in the one of those two extremes but somewhere in between. You should honestly assess your current financial situation, your expenses and debt and how much you are able to invest. Investors using value inves...

An exchange traded fund is an investment fund that comprises different securities and is traded on exchange much like a stock. This type of fund track stock or bond index like Standard&Poor's. Similarly like mutual funds ETFs have mixed portfolio consisting of various types of securities like stocks, bonds and commodities. Funds hold different underlying assets that are divided in shares with attached price which makes them marketable security that trades on exchange so its price can change during the trading day. Exchange  traded funds differ depending on their focus on different aspects of the market. Some funds have stock from hundreds and even thousands different industries while some other may focus on one particular industry  sector. In the same manner some are interested in exclusively on U.S. securities while others have more global approach. Some examples of ETFs are bond ETFs that include different types of bonds (government, corporate and...

In short, option gives the buyer the right but not the obligation to buy or sell an underlying asset at a set price during the life of the contract. They are considered financial derivative namely derivative is a financial instrument with a price that is based on an underlying asset. In other words price of the option derives its value from the underlying assets that can be futures, commodities, currencies, securities or indexes. Usually they are purchased through online or retail broker. We will discuss stock options where underlying asset is stock. For example option on stock ABC gives option holder the right to buy or sell ABC stock at a strike price up until expiration date. In this case underlying asset is ABC stock because the price of the option is based on the stock price. Writing an option refers to investment contract in which fee is paid for the right to buy or sell shares at a predetermined future date. The fee paid depends on several factors like current price...

Stock split or forward stock split is a corporate action where board of directors decides to issue more shares by dividing existing outstanding shares into multiple shares defined by the predetermined ratio. Most common ratios are 2 for 1 or 3 for one where investors for every share they own get two or three shares respectively. Likewise, price will be divided accordingly. If for example you originally owned 100 shares, each worth $15 in 2 for 2 split you will receive 200 shares  each worth $7.5 and in situation where 3 for 1 split is done it will be 300 shares with $5 price per share. As you can see no real value is added and market capitalization is the same just like with reverse stock split. Companies do this for various reasons. Some stock price can reach astonishing level and company's official might want to lower the price to make it more appealing to small retail investors. Some argue that there is a psychological effect which makes owning more stock at a low...

Reverse stock split reduces number of outstanding shares in a predetermined ratio. It is also known as stock consolidation, share rollback or stock merger because two or more shares are merged into one more valuable share.  Reverse split is considered to be a corporate action, meaning action that is affecting share price and needs to be approved by the company's board of directors and possibly by voting shareholders. Company can even get additional letter D to its ticker signifying that it is going through reverse split. Number of total outstanding shares, which includes shares currently held by all shareholders, including institutional investors and restricted shares, is usually divided with 5 or 10 getting ratio one for five or one for ten but it can be as little as one to two or big as one to hundred. For example if you have 100 shares worth $1 each so you have $100 worth of shares. if a company is going for one for then reverse split, you will receive ten shares, each...