Mina Mar Group

Bonds is one of the three main asset classes besides stock (equity) and cash equivalents. Bond is considered fixed income security where bond issuer is in debt to the bond holder and is obliged to pay him an interest. It can be understood as a form of a loan where holder of the bond is creditor, issuer of the bond is borrower and coupon is interest that he pays. Issuers of the bonds are companies, municipalities, states and governments which used funds obtained through bonds to finance long term investments and current expenditures. Bondholders are debt holders that have priority over stockholders but are ranked behind secured creditors in case of insolvency. Bonds have maturity date when the principal is due to be paid and interest rate that can be fixed or variable. Principal is face value of the bond, actual amount that is on the bond which will be paid to the holder at the maturity date. Fixed rates remain the same through the set period while variable rates fluctuate o...

A stock is a type of security that signifies peace of ownership in a corporation an represents a claim on a part of the corporation's assets and earnings. There two main types of shares: common shares and preferred shares. There are clear distinction between two types of shares, primarily based on voting rights and dividend payments. Common shares are also know as ordinary shares, voting shares or equity shares. First ever common stock was established in 1602 by Dutch East India Company and introduced on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange.  During initial public offering company offers shares for sale and in that way sells part of the company in order to raise capital. Underwriter helps company to determine type and pricing of offered securities. After IPO company's shares become publicly traded and company can issue new stock. Percentage of shareholders' ownership is determined by the number of shares in his possession, which are some percentage of total number of out...

When it comes to choosing the right type of financing you will have to consider multiple factors on both sides, type of financing and your business needs. As we mentioned in previous articles all financing boils down to two types: debt financing and equity financing. If you are new in business you will need money to invest in expansion and growth. Chances are that you don't have long history of profitability and that you didn't have time to build good credit score which means that banks and some lenders will not be eager to give you a loan. Or on the other hand you are not comfortable with a fact that you can lose your assets whether business or personal. In that case equity financing will work best for you. This is an opportunity to raise cash without strict requirements that bank will demand from you and you will not have to pay monthly rates to the lender as in the case of debt financing. By avoiding monthly payments you will have more cash on your hands that you can...

When you start your business you are so concentrated on growing and expending your business that you forget to consider the downsides of business cycles. Business cycles are sequences of economic activity that is characterized by four phases: recession, recovery, growth and decline that repeat themselves.Decline or downturn makes the end of growth period in the business cycle. It is characterized by decreased levels of consumer and reduced production. Maybe you missed to devise downturn business cycle management strategy and found yourself trapped in a situation where your creditors are hounding.  Toxic financing can demolish your life's work and erode your shareholder value. It happens when financier can convert preferred shares and convertible stock into common stock that they sell on the market in order to be repaid and earn a profit on investment. The formula for the conversion is structured so that there is no downside limit on the price received for converted ...

Bankruptcy happens when business is unable to pay its debts and creditors. Business can file with federal bankruptcy court  for protection, usually under chapter 7 or chapter 11. In the United States bankruptcy is governed by federal law commonly referred to as the "Bankruptcy Code". Bankruptcy cases are filed in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court and federal law govern procedure in bankruptcy cases but state laws are often applied to determine how bankruptcy affect property rights and debtors. Two major types of bankruptcy are Chapter 7 and Chapter 11. Chapter 7 happens when company ceases all of its operation and goes completely out of business. A trustee is appointed to sell (liquidate) company's assets in order to pay off its debt. Debts are payed off according  to absolute priority. It is rule that secured claims are paid before junior claims are paid. In that order secured creditors are paid first, then bondholders and in the end shareholders. In other words, invest...